1、工業自動化:千億賽(sai)道,工業自動化重要場景之一(yi)
1.1、行(xing)業簡介(jie):工業自動化重要場景之一,分感(gan)知、控制、管理三(san)層結(jie)構
流程工(gong)業主要(yao)是(shi)通(tong)過對(dui)原材料進(jin)行混合、分離(li)(li)、粉碎(sui)、加熱等(deng)物理(li)或化學工(gong)藝,使(shi)原材料增值,典型行業如(ru)石(shi)化、化工(gong)。離(li)(li)散工(gong)業主要(yao)是(shi)通(tong)過對(dui)原材料的物理(li)形狀進(jin)行改(gai)變和組裝(zhuang),獲得最終產(chan)品,典型行業如(ru)機械(xie)、包裝(zhuang)。
流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)重(zhong)要場景之一,通(tong)常使用過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方案(an)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)是機器(qi)設備或生產過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)在不(bu)需(xu)要人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)直接干預的(de)情況下,按預期的(de)目標實現(xian)信息處理和過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)控制(zhi)的(de)統(tong)稱。工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)可以分(fen)為過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(PA,Process Automation)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(FA, Factory Automation)。過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)主要控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)是 DCS(Distributed Control System,集散(san)控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)),配合(he)自動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)儀(yi)表,控制(zhi)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)的(de)生產過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),實現(xian)自動(dong)(dong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)和連續生產,提高流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)的(de)生產效(xiao)率。
工(gong)廠自動化則主要使用(yong) PLC(Program Logic Control,可編(bian)程邏(luo)輯(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi))與(yu)伺服(fu)系統,控制(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)造業的(de)加工(gong)過程,提高機械制(zhi)(zhi)造和組裝效(xiao)率,主要用(yong)于(yu)離散工(gong)業。
流程工業(ye)自動化系統自上而(er)下分為管理層(ceng)、控制層(ceng)、感知層(ceng),其中:
管(guan)理(li)層主要(yao)包括(kuo)企業資(zi)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)、資(zi)產(chan)管(guan)理(li)、能效管(guan)理(li)、生產(chan)過程管(guan)理(li)等網(wang)絡操作系統。
控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)層主要由通(tong)信網絡、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)站、操作站等構成(cheng)。控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統是(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)層的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心,一般(ban)可分為(wei)集散控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(DCS)、安全(quan)儀表系(xi)統(SIS)和(he)網絡化控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統。其中(zhong),DCS 系(xi)統用于實現流程工(gong)業生產過程的(de)(de)(de)自動控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)監視管(guan)理,SIS 系(xi)統保障工(gong)廠的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)運行,網絡化混合控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統融(rong)合 DCS 系(xi)統、邏輯控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器以(yi)及分布(bu)式控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)單元,實現管(guan)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)一體化。
感知層主要(yao)由安(an)裝在(zai)生產(chan)(chan)現場的(de)各種自(zi)動化(hua)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)組成。自(zi)動化(hua)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)是指(zhi)安(an)裝在(zai)工業生產(chan)(chan)現場的(de),用于測(ce)量壓力、流量、溫度、物液(ye)位等(deng)工藝參數或控(kong)制的(de)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)。
管(guan)理層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、控制層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、感(gan)知層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)協同作用實現(xian)流(liu)程工(gong)業的自(zi)動化,其中管(guan)理層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)主(zhu)要負(fu)責生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產規劃(hua)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產監控和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產調度;控制層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)擔負(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產信息(xi)(xi)分析、故障診斷、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產指(zhi)令(ling)發布、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產管(guan)理等(deng);感(gan)知層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的主(zhu)要作用是采(cai)集現(xian)場數據,并將生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產現(xian)場的信息(xi)(xi)傳送給控制層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),或(huo)執(zhi)行(xing)控制層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的指(zhi)令(ling)。
1.2、行業(ye)特征:千億(yi)市場容量,下游以(yi)石化、化工、電力(li)行業(ye)為主
2021 年中國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自動(dong)化部(bu)件(jian)市場規模(mo) 2923 億(yi)元(yuan),同比(bi)增速(su)達 16.8%。根據 MIR睿工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye),工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自動(dong)化部(bu)件(jian)包含控制及顯示、網絡和電源、運動(dong)控制、驅動(dong)產品、傳感器(qi)、過程測量儀(yi)表、執行機構、工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)元(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)、工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)軟件(jian)等。2021 年,我(wo)國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自動(dong)化部(bu)件(jian)市場規模(mo)為(wei) 2923 億(yi)元(yuan),同比(bi)增長 16.83%,2017-2021 年復(fu)合(he)增速(su)達 5.92%,預計 2022 年我(wo)國(guo)自動(dong)化市場規模(mo)將達到(dao) 3196 億(yi)元(yuan),同比(bi)增速(su)為(wei)9.34%。
工(gong)(gong)業(ye)自動(dong)化分為 OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer,原(yuan)始設備制造商)和(he)(he) EU(End User,終端用戶)兩大類市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場。其(qi)中,OEM 市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場主(zhu)要是離(li)散工(gong)(gong)業(ye)相關行業(ye)組(zu)成,如(ru) 3C、鋰電(dian)(dian)、半(ban)導(dao)體、機床、機械等行業(ye),EU 市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場主(zhu)要是流(liu)程工(gong)(gong)業(ye)相關行業(ye)組(zu)成,如(ru)化工(gong)(gong)、冶(ye)金、石油(you)、電(dian)(dian)力(li)等。我(wo)們可以通過 EU 市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場規(gui)模和(he)(he)增速(su)推算(suan)流(liu)程工(gong)(gong)業(ye)自動(dong)化市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場的大致情(qing)況,根據(ju) MIR 睿工(gong)(gong)業(ye)數據(ju),2021 年我(wo)國EU 市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場規(gui)模為 1721 億元(yuan),同比增長 10.32%,2017-2021 年復合增速(su)達 4.04%。
2021 年(nian)流(liu)程(cheng)工業自(zi)動化各(ge)細(xi)分(fen)板塊增(zeng)速較(jiao)高。根據中國工控(kong)網數據,2021 年(nian)高級傳(chuan)感器和(he)通用傳(chuan)感器增(zeng)長最快(kuai),分(fen)別(bie)實現(xian)同比增(zeng)速 38%、35%。DCS 作(zuo)為實現(xian)流(liu)程(cheng)工業自(zi)動化不可或缺的控(kong)制(zhi)系統,2021 年(nian)同比增(zeng)長 18%。此外,壓(ya)力、溫度、液位(wei)、流(liu)量儀表分(fen)別(bie)同比增(zeng)長 20%、18%、16%、22%,水質分(fen)析儀與氣(qi)體分(fen)析儀分(fen)別(bie)同比增(zeng)長 15%、16%,調節閥同比增(zeng)長 13%,增(zeng)速均(jun)較(jiao)高。
流程工(gong)業(ye)自動化(hua)下(xia)(xia)游分(fen)布(bu)較為(wei)集中,化(hua)工(gong)、電力、石化(hua)三大行(xing)業(ye)合計(ji)占比(bi)(bi)超80%。我們以 DCS 系統觀察(cha)流程工(gong)業(ye)自動化(hua)下(xia)(xia)游分(fen)布(bu)情況(kuang),根據華經產業(ye)研究院數(shu)據,2021 年 DCS 系統下(xia)(xia)游行(xing)業(ye)中,化(hua)工(gong)、電力、石化(hua)行(xing)業(ye)分(fen)別占比(bi)(bi) 37.24%、23.63%、19.43%,合計(ji)占比(bi)(bi)達 80.3%,分(fen)布(bu)較為(wei)集中。
2017-2021 年間石(shi)化(hua)、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、冶金(jin)自(zi)動化(hua)市(shi)場(chang)規模增(zeng)(zeng)速較快。參(can)考中國(guo)工(gong)(gong)控網統(tong)計的項(xiang)目(mu)型市(shi)場(chang)各(ge)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)動化(hua)市(shi)場(chang)規模增(zeng)(zeng)速,2017-2021 年,石(shi)化(hua)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)動化(hua)市(shi)場(chang)增(zeng)(zeng)速最(zui)(zui)高(gao),約 20%,冶金(jin)、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)速也相對較高(gao)。單看(kan) 2021 年,化(hua)工(gong)(gong)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)自(zi)動化(hua)市(shi)場(chang)增(zeng)(zeng)速最(zui)(zui)高(gao),約 25%,冶金(jin)、礦業(ye)(ye)(ye)、公共設施、石(shi)化(hua)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)速也相對較高(gao)。
2、自動化(hua)儀表:國產替代提速,增量(liang)市(shi)場可(ke)期
2.1、自動(dong)化儀(yi)表:流程工業(ye)自動(dong)化感知層,分測量、控(kong)制、執行、顯示(shi)四類(lei)
從行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)分類看(kan),自動(dong)化儀(yi)表(biao)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)屬于儀(yi)器(qi)儀(yi)表(biao)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自動(dong)控(kong)制系(xi)統裝(zhuang)置制造分支(zhi)。據上海儀(yi)器(qi)儀(yi)表(biao)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協會統計數據,2019-2021 年(nian)(nian)儀(yi)器(qi)儀(yi)表(biao)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的主營(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)務收入(ru)規模逐漸(jian)提升(sheng),由 2019 年(nian)(nian) 7243 億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)增(zeng)加到 2021 年(nian)(nian) 9101 億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),年(nian)(nian)復(fu)(fu)合增(zeng)長(chang)率為 12.1%。其中(zhong),工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自動(dong)控(kong)制系(xi)統裝(zhuang)置制造行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)營(ying)收由 2019 年(nian)(nian) 2512 億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)提升(sheng)至 2021 年(nian)(nian) 3685 億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),年(nian)(nian)復(fu)(fu)合增(zeng)長(chang)率達 21.1%,增(zeng)長(chang)更快。
從流(liu)程工業自(zi)動化系統角度(du)看,自(zi)動化儀(yi)表(biao)位于感(gan)知層,可分為(wei)測量儀(yi)表(biao)、控制儀(yi)表(biao)、執(zhi)行器、顯(xian)示(shi)儀(yi)表(biao)。
在流(liu)程工業(ye)自(zi)動化(hua)生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程中,檢測(ce)儀表能夠測(ce)量(liang)溫度、壓(ya)力、流(liu)量(liang)、物(wu)(wu)位(wei)以及物(wu)(wu)料的(de)成分(fen)、物(wu)(wu)性等(deng)工藝參數(shu),并將被測(ce)參數(shu)的(de)大小成比例的(de)轉換成電的(de)信(xin)號(hao)(電壓(ya)、電流(liu)、頻(pin)率等(deng))或(huo)(huo)氣壓(ya)信(xin)號(hao),變送(song)器負(fu)責將傳(chuan)感器輸(shu)出的(de)非(fei)標準電信(xin)號(hao)或(huo)(huo)直接測(ce)量(liang)的(de)非(fei)電量(liang)轉換成標準電信(xin)號(hao)。
顯示儀(yi)(yi)表能將從檢測(ce)儀(yi)(yi)表獲(huo)取的信息(xi)指(zhi)示或記錄(lu)下來;控制儀(yi)(yi)表在(zai)接收到檢測(ce)儀(yi)(yi)表的測(ce)量信號(hao)后,經過放(fang)大、積分、微分等運算,向執行(xing)器發出(chu)調節信號(hao);執行(xing)器在(zai)接收到控制儀(yi)(yi)表或操作人(ren)員的指(zhi)令后,能夠通(tong)過執行(xing)機(ji)構(gou)帶動閥門運動,進而實現對于生(sheng)產過程的閉環控制。
借助工業(ye)自(zi)動化儀表,能夠(gou)實(shi)現在任(ren)何時刻(ke)準確(que)了解工藝(yi)過程(cheng)的全貌(mao),并進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)控制,進(jin)(jin)(jin)而保證生(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)順利進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing),并以高的生(sheng)產(chan)率、小的消耗生(sheng)產(chan)出(chu)合格的產(chan)品。
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